ترجمه مقاله مقایسه تکنولوژی پلاسما و تبدیل زباله به انرژی

ترجمه مقاله مقایسه تکنولوژی پلاسما و تبدیل زباله به انرژی

این مقاله انگلیسی وفارسی با فرمت Word بوده و قابل ویرایش است و همچنین آماده پرینت می باشد.

دفع MSW  با استفاده از تکنولوژی مرسوم تبدیل زباله به خوبی موفق بوده است. بر طبق   USEPA، در سال 2000، 102 تاسیسات تبدیل زباله به انرژی، که بیشتر آنها دیگ­های چندگانه، در ایالات متحده برای دفع بیش از 35 میلیون تن  MSWبکار رفته است که حدود 14 درصد از مقدار کل MSW در ایالات متحده می باشد. این 102 تاسیسات در ایالات متحده دارای یک توان عملیاتی به طور متوسط ​​بیش از 900 تن زباله دارد و به متوسط، بیش از 10 سال است که فعالیت می کنند. قدیمی ترین کارخانه WTE از دهه 70 تا به لان به طور مداوم در حال فعالیت می باشد.

در مقابل، دفع MSW با استفاده از فن آوری پلاسما تازه شروع شده است. هیچ تاسیسات مستمر با فناوری پلاسما برای  MSW در ایالات متحده وجود ندارد و تنها دو تیم عامل در سایر نقاط جهان فعالیت می­کند. این دو تاسیسات یک توان عملیاتی به طور متوسط ​​کمتر از 100 تن در روز دارند و قدیمی­ترین مرکز از سال 1999 شروع به فعالیت نموده است. همانطور که در بالا اشاره شد، تاسیسات پلاسما برای دفع انواع دیگر زباله در سراسر جهان وجود دارد.

2.3. Comparison of Plasma Technology and Waste-to-Energy

2.3.1. Status of Technologies

The disposal of MSW using conventional waste-to-energy technology is well established. According to the USEPA, in 2000, the 102 waste-to-energy facilities, most with multiple boiler s, in the U.S. accounted for the disposal of approximately 35 million tons of MSW, approximately 14 percent of the total amount of MSW generated in the United States. The 102 facilities in the United States have an average throughput of more than 900 tons per day and have, on average, been operating for more than 10 years. The oldest WTE plant has been operating continuously since the 1970’s.

By contrast, disposal of MSW using plasma technology is just beginning. There are no continuously operating MSW plasma facilities in the United States and only two operating in the rest of the world. These two facilities have an average throughput of less than 100 tons per day and the oldest facility has been operating since 1999. As noted above, there are plasma facilities disposing of other kinds of waste throughout the world.

2.3.2. Energy Recovery

Modern waste-to-energy facilities are designed, built, and operated to recover energy from the waste they process. The 102 WTE plants in the U.S. produce more than 2,800 MW of electricity. Most incinerators that are too small or too inefficient to recover energy have all but disappeared in the United States because they cannot compete economically with other forms of waste disposal.

2.1. Plasma Technology

2.1.1. Background

Plasma as a method to generate heat is a proven, well-demonstrated commercial technology at work around the world. In the 19" century, plasma technology was developed and used in Europe for the metals industry. At the beginning of the 20" century, the chemical industry used plasma heaters to extract acetylene gas from natural gas. In the early 1960s, the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration used plasma technology to simulate the high temperatures that orbiting space vehicles would encounter when reentering earth’s dense atmosphere. In the 1980s, large-scale plasma heater processes were built and commissioned for a variety of industrial applications, particularly for metals and chemicals.

Although plasma technology has a long track record, its application to waste disposal is more limited. During the past twenty years, the use of plasma technology for waste disposal has undergone extensive research and small-scale development. It has been tested and evaluated on many types of wastes, including automobile shredder residue, sludges, asbestos fibers, medical waste, and MSW. This R&D effort is continuing and some small-scale commercial plasma facilities for disposing of waste have been operating for more than a decade.